Kinboshi

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Kinboshi (金星, lit. 'gold star') is a notation used in professional sumo wrestling to record a lower-ranked (maegashira) wrestler's victory over a yokozuna in a grand sumo tournament (honbasho). It is believed that the term stems from the usage of the terms shiroboshi (白星, lit. 'white star') to designate a bout victory, and kuroboshi (黒星, lit. 'black star') to designate a bout defeat. Thus a "gold star" designates a special victory. The word kinboshi first came into popular use in the Taishō era (1912–1926), and the system of monetarily awarding a maegashira who defeated a yokozuna in an official tournament began in January, 1930. A kinboshi victory increases the balance in the maegashira's mochikyūkin account by 10 yen. This balance is converted using a multiplier, presently 4,000, and added to the wrestler's bonus in every subsequent tournament in which he competes as a sekitori. With six tournaments a year, this one victory corresponds to a pay increase of 240,000 yen per annum for the remainder of the wrestler's sekitori career. The record for most kinboshi earned is held by former sekiwake Akinoshima who won 16 bouts against six different yokozuna when ranked as a maegashira.