Fifth (unit)

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A fifth is a unit of volume formerly used for wine and distilled beverages in the United States, equal to one fifth of a US liquid gallon, or 25+3⁄5 U.S. fluid ounces (757 milliliters); it has been superseded by the metric bottle size of 750 mL, sometimes called a metric fifth, which is the standard capacity of wine bottles worldwide and is approximately 1% smaller. Before the mid-19th century, the capacity of British alcohol bottles used for wine and distilled liquors was nominally a quart, but the actual capacity varied considerably. Four primary styles existed, with different average capacities: 759 ± 27 mL (715–810 range); 781 ± 47 mL (724–880); 808 ± 49 mL (739–835); and at approximately 1130 mL, the "imperial wine quart". Beer and cider bottles also had a different range of sizes. In 1842, it was reported that ordinary wine bottles were 1⁄6 of an imperial gallon, that is, 758 mL. After its independence, the United States continued some British measures including the "wine gallon" (which was used to define the U.S. liquid gallon) but did not adopt the Imperial gallon when it was introduced in 1824. In the late 19th century, liquor in the U.S. was often sold in bottles which appeared to hold one US quart (32 US fl oz; 950 mL), but in fact contained less than a quart and were called "fifths", "short quarts", or commercial quarts. At this time, one-fifth of a gallon was a common legal threshold for the difference between selling by the drink and selling by the bottle or at wholesale, and thus the difference between a drinking saloon or barroom and a dry-goods store. The fifth was the usual size of bottle for distilled beverages in the United States until 1980. Other authorized units based on the fifth included 4⁄5 pint, called a tenth, and 1⁄10 pint.