Commodore Datasette

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The Commodore 1530 (C2N) Datasette, later also Datassette (a portmanteau of data and cassette), is Commodore's dedicated magnetic-tape data storage device. Using compact cassettes as the storage medium, it provides inexpensive storage to Commodore's 8-bit computers, including the PET, VIC-20, and Commodore 64. A physically similar model, Commodore 1531, was made for the Commodore 16 and Plus/4 series computers. Earlier compact cassette-based formats were generally handled by expansion cards in machines like the Apple II or S-100 bus computers. These would convert the digital data to analog form using a variety of techniques, and then send the resulting audio to a standard cassette player using RCA jacks or 3.5mm phone jacks. In contrast, the Datasette sends digital data directly to the connector output. This produced a series of square waves on the cassette. The data was recorded using pulse-width modulation, using three different pulse lengths, short, medium, and long, which are timed by the system. On NTSC systems, the short pulse was about 176 μs, 256 μs for medium and 336 μs for long. Due to the signals ultimately being derived from the system clock, on PAL systems these were slightly longer, 183, 266 and 349 μs, respectively.