Abeed

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Abeed or abīd (عبيد, plural of ʿabd, عبد) is an Arabic word meaning "servant" or "slave". Historically, ʿabīd was used in a variety of social, legal and military contexts and did not necessarily indicate ethnicity or skin colour. Medieval sources applied the term to slaves of different origins, including Slavs and Turks. The term and related forms were also used outside Arabic. In Ottoman Turkish, for example, abd and abd-i memlûk were among the terms used for male slaves. In a number of Arabic dialects, ʿabd and ʿabīd later developed racialized usages referring to Black Africans or communities associated with African slave ancestry; in some contexts the term is derogatory.