HotSpot

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HotSpot, released as Java HotSpot Performance Engine, is a Java virtual machine for desktop and server computers, developed by Sun Microsystems which was purchased by and became a division of Oracle Corporation in 2010. Its features include improved performance via methods such as just-in-time compilation and adaptive optimization. It is the de facto reference Java Virtual Machine. The Java HotSpot Performance Engine was released on April 27, 1999, built on technologies from an implementation of the programming language Smalltalk named Strongtalk, originally developed by Longview Technologies, which traded as Animorphic. The Longview virtual machine was based on the Self virtual machine, with an interpreter replacing the fast-and-dumb first compiler. When Sun cancelled the Self project, two key people, Urs Hölzle and Lars Bak left Sun to start Longview. In 1997, Sun Microsystems purchased Animorphic. Shortly after acquiring Animorphic, Sun decided to write a new stronger just-in-time (JIT) compiler for the Java virtual machine, named HotSpot server compiler (internal name C2), which was initially developed by Clifford Click and was an extension of his PhD thesis on optimizing compilers. The compiler name HotSpot is derived from the software's behavior: as it runs Java bytecode, as with the Self VM, HotSpot continually analyzes the program's performance for hot spots which are executed often or repeatedly. These are then targeted for optimizing, leading to high-performance execution with a minimum of overhead for less performance-critical code.