Document type definition

A document type definition (DTD) is a specification file that contains a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (GML, SGML, XML, HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents. A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of validated elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference. DTDs persist in applications that need special publishing characters, such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which derive from larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort. XML uses a subset of SGML DTD. An attempt to create namespace-aware DTDs was being developed as Part 9 of ISO DSDL, but this was ultimately withdrawn. As of 2009, newer XML namespace-aware schema languages (such as W3C XML Schema and ISO RELAX NG) have largely superseded DTDs as a better way to validate XML structure.